新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）

“不X不Y”结构中的变项X和Y性质多样，可以是音节、语素、单词、短语。“不X不Y”的语义类型主要有四种：肯定强化义（‘极其X-Y’）、否定强化义（‘一点也不X-Y’）、否定合取义（‘既不X，又不Y’）、否定蕴涵义（‘若不X，则不Y’）。当X和Y的音节数不等或语法性质不同时，“不X不Y”表示否定蕴涵义。当X和Y的音节数相等时，分“X-Y”是词和“X-Y”不是词两种情况。若“X-Y”是词，当“X-Y”是单纯词时，“不X不Y”表示肯定强化义；当“X-Y”是合成词时，“不X不Y”通常表示否定强化义，偶尔表示肯定强化义。若“X-Y”不是词（即X、Y各自是词或短语），当X和Y是类义关系、反义关系时，“不X不Y”表示否定合取义；当X和Y不存在类义、反义关系时，“不X不Y”表示否定蕴涵义。

The variables X and Y in the Chinese construction “不 X 不 Y” can belong to diverse grammatical categories, functioning as syllables, morphemes, words, or phrases. Semantically, the construction conveys four distinct meanings: emphatic affirmation （'very X-Y'）, emphatic negation （'not X-Y at all'）, the conjunction of two negatives （'neither X nor Y'）, and the implication of two negatives （'if not X, then not Y'）. The interpretation is systematically conditioned by formal and semantic factors. When X and Y differ in syllable count or grammatical category, the construction invariably expresses implication. Conversely, when X and Y share the same number of syllables, the interpretation depends primarily on whether “X-Y” constitutes a word and on its morphological structure. If “X-Y” is a mono-morphemic word, “ 不 X 不 Y” typically yields emphatic affirmation. If “X-Y” is a multimorphemic word, it generally conveys emphatic negation, with emphatic affirmation occurring only occasionally. When “X-Y” is not a word, the semantic relation between X and Y becomes decisive: if X and Y are nearsynonyms, or antonyms, the construction expresses the conjunction of two negatives; otherwise, it conveys implication.